RESUMO Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da salinidade da água de irrigação em interação com diferentes razões entre potássio e cálcio aplicados via fertigação em berinjela, instalou-se um experimento no Departamento de Ciências Ambientais e Tecnológicas da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, em Mossoró, RN. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5x4, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram formados pela combinação entre cinco razões iônicas entre potássio e cálcio (K+/Ca2+) (F1 = 4,2/1; F2 = 3,5/1; F3 = 2,8/1; F4 = 2,2/1; F5 = 1,8/1), com quatro níveis de salinidade na água de irrigação (S1 - 0,5; S2 - 2,0; S3 - 3,5; e S4 - 5,0 dS m-1). Foram avaliadas as variáveis: número de frutos por planta, comprimento de frutos, diâmetro de fruto, massa fresca de frutos e produtividade. As variáveis produtividade, comprimento, massa fresca e número de frutos por planta apresentaram redução com o aumento da salinidade para todos os tratamentos. A salinidade afetou significativamente o diâmetro dos frutos, onde observou-se incremento apenas nas fertigações potássicas.

ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the effect of irrigation water salinity in interaction with different potassium and calcium ratios applied through fertigation in eggplant, an experiment was carried out at the Department of Environmental and Technological Sciences of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid Region, in Mossoró, RN, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme, with four replicates. The treatments were obtained by the combination between five ionic ratios of potassium and calcium (F1 = 4.2/1; F2 = 3.5/1; F3 = 2.8/1; F4 = 2.2/1; F5 = 1.8/1) and four levels of irrigation water salinity (S1 – 0.5; S2 – 2.0; S3 – 3.5; and S4 – 5.0 dS m-1). The following variables were evaluated: number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit fresh weight and yield. Yield, fruit length, fruit fresh weight and number of fruits decreased with the increase of salinity in all the treatments. Salinity significantly affected fruit diameter, which increased only under fertigation with potassium-rich solutions.

ABSTRACT In the olericulture, in general, is practiced intensive fertilization, which creates a risk of salinization and change of high pH, which if not well monitored can cause production losses, excessive spending on fertilizers and environmental contamination. We developed this study with the aim of controlling fertigation on watermelon through the behavior of the electrical conductivity (EC) and pH in the soil solution obtained through porous ceramic cups extractors. The EC and pH values were corrected by the current soil moisture for the moisture field capacity, due to different moisture values at the time of extraction. The monitoring comprised 19 assessments during 80 days of cultivation. We can control the pH and EC of the soil and maintain them at optimal levels for the crop through real-time monitoring of the soil solution. The monitoring enabled the achievement of a balanced fertigation.